31x03 - Spinning Reels; Plasma Protein Therapies; 3D Cups

[bunniefuu]

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Narrator:
spinning reels are also
called fixed spool reels.

That's because the spool on this
fishing reel doesn't rotate.

Instead, a device around
the spool does the spinning,

Which winds the fishing line.

The advantage of using
a non-spinning spool

Is there's no backlash
of the line.

A spinning reel provides
a unique twist on fishing.

Unlike other reels,
the spool doesn't rotate.

Instead, a pivoting,
u-shaped wire

Called a bail spins around
the spool to wrap the line.

Making a spinning reel

Starts with a cylindrical
chunk of aluminum.

Computerized cutters carve
the cylinder into the rotor

That spins the bail
around the reel spool.

The transformation is complete.

The cutter sculpts side arms
onto the rotor to hold the bail,

Carving a hole
for the spool shaft.

Then a protective finish
is applied to the rotor,

And the bail is attached.

Next, a craftsman heats
a cylindrical piece of steel

In a furnace
until it's hot and flexible.

Then it's transferred over
to a press

That flattens the cylinder.

The worker inserts the hot
steel puck into a mold.

The top half descends and forces
the steel into the crevices.

Tools cut teeth into the part,

Completing the transformation
into a gear.

Next, the gear housing is formed
using aluminum alloy.

To trim the excess material
from around the edges,

Designers use a die cutter.

It punches down a part,

Which then slides down a chute
into a bin.

At another station, a laser
etches the company name

And the product number
into the part.

The gear system is now ready
to be assembled.

The technician brushes oil
on a transmission gear...

Installs it in the gear housing

And screws it in place.

Next, a part called a slider
is placed on top of the gear.

The ends of the slider
are attached

To the spinning reel body
using thick pins.

The slider moves the spool up

And down as the bail
spins the line.

Oil is applied onto the neck
of the gear body,

And a helical pinion
is inserted into the gear.

Next, the technician installs
a roller element

On the extended part
of the pinion gear.

A retaining ring is positioned
between the bearing

And the gear body.

Then a wider steel ring

Is placed
onto the outside of the neck.

An outer metal sleeve
holds the part together.

The threaded end of
the pinion gear is set on top.

Next, the rotor is attached
on the end of the pinion gear

And secured with a nut.

This connects the rotor
to the gear.

The rotor is tested to confirm
that it's operating smoothly.

Another operator places
the main gear in the gear body

So that the lower teeth engage
with the other gears.

The operator slides a metal
washer on the gear shaft

And links a main axle shaft
to the slider.

The operator screws the end
of the shaft to the slider...

...and inserts thick pins
into the gear housing.

They'll prevent the main gear

From turning
in the wrong direction.

The spinning reel gear system
is now complete.

Next, an operator attaches
a side plate to the gear body.

This encases the spinning
reel's gear system.

The threaded fitting will enable
the gears

To be linked to a handle.

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The reel spool has a drag
system inside

So the line will slip
instead of breaking

When pulled by a powerful fish.

A drag adjustment knob is
screwed to the end of the spool,

Then the technician
fastens the handle

To the fitting in the gear body

And checks to confirm
it operates smoothly.

An automated testing system
turns the handle

While water flows
over the gear body.

This exposes any leaks

That could compromise
the internal gear system.

Finally, this spinning reel
is ready for action.

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Narrator:
plasma is a yellow-colored
liquid component of blood

That holds blood cells
in suspension.

It's 90% water
and contains critical proteins.

Companies harvest these proteins
from donated plasma

To manufacture
medical treatments.

Proteins from human plasma
are used to treat shock,

Bleeding disorders,
and immune deficiencies.

First, the plasma is separated
from the blood cells

And placed in a freezer

At a temperature
of minus-4 degrees fahrenheit.

This process preserves it until
scientists can test its quality.

A computer monitors
the temperature

And prints out measurements
so the team can ensure

The plasma remains
adequately frozen.

Ready for production, the plasma
goes from a freezer to a cooler,

And then a warming bath
to thaw the outer layer.

A machine collects the bottles
and moves them into slots.

A blade slices them open
to release the plasma.

The outer layer of plasma
has liquefied,

But the cores are still frozen.

Then the plasma travels forward
to a heated mixing tank.

The agitator and heat break up
the chunks,

And the plasma becomes liquid.

Transferred to other tanks,
technicians expose the plasma

To conditions that cause the
proteins to become insoluble.

They're pressed into slabs.

In this form, the proteins
are known as precipitate.

A technician scrapes
the precipitate

Off the filter sheets

And into a plastic-lined
container.

An automated system retrieves
the filter sheets

And takes them
through wash stations

To remove residual precipitate.

Once thoroughly washed,

The filter sheets are ready
for the next filtration.

A technician breaks
the protein chunks

Into smaller pieces
and bags them for freezing.

This protein is called albumin.

Albumin helps maintain
and repair tissue growth.

Next, technicians dissolve
the albumin protein in water.

They remove the precipitate
from the freezer

And pound the outside of the bag
to further reduce

The size of the pieces inside.

Then the bags of precipitate
are emptied into the mixer,

Causing the particles
to disperse.

Over the next day and a half,

Processing continues to purify
and concentrate the albumin.

At the same time, glass bottles
enter into a chamber

With cameras to take pictures
of each bottle.

A computer locates
defective bottles

And signals a mechanism
to knock them out of the line.

The bottles cycle
through a washing machine,

And then a hot tunnel
for sterilization.

They're now ready
for the albumin protein.

Needles inject the protein
into the bottles,

Filling eight
bottles simultaneously.

A robotic arm inserts stoppers
in the neck of the bottles.

Then a machine installs
aluminum seals with flip caps.

They crimp the seals around
the necks for extra protection.

Technicians load racks
of the bottled albumin

Into a pasteurizer.

The chamber fills with water

Heated to 140 degrees
fahrenheit.

This kills any
potential pathogens.

The glass vials slowly spin
by a magnifying glass

As inspectors
scrutinize them for cracks,

Missing stoppers, broken seals,
and other defects.

A technician takes out any
product with physical flaws.

As the remaining bottles
continue down the line,

An inspector
examines them again.

This time, visually checking the
volume of the albumin protein.

At the next station,
labels unwind,

And a camera takes a picture

For a computer check
of the batch information.

The computer confirms that
what's on the label is accurate.

Next, specialists place a sample
in a petri dish

And incubate it for 14 days.

If there are unwanted
micro-organisms in the batch,

They'll grow.

But if not,

The protein therapy
is cleared for use.

This protein therapy is now
ready for medical emergencies.

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Pictures on 3-d cups have depth
and appear to move,

Depending on the angle
you view them.

It's a neat trick made possible

By a technology
known as lenticular printing.

A sheet of tiny plastic lenses
is applied to interlaced images,

Creating a kind of graphic magic
to entertain you.

A 3-d cup fools the eye.

Viewed from different angles,

The artwork seems
to come to life.

It's all a carefully
crafted illusion.

Making 3-d cups starts
with clear plastic pellets.

An extruder machine melts
the pellets

To a semi-liquid consistency.

An engraving cylinder forms it
into rows of tiny convex lenses.

Water-chilled cylinders
cool the sheet of lenses.

This solidifies the plastic,

Then a gauge measures
the lenses' thickness.

A blower device
dissipates static.

An ink jet printer prints
information on the edge.

This indicates the optical
resolution of the lenses,

The type of plastic,
and the lot number.

Then a rotary blade
cuts the plastic into sheets.

The sheets land in a neat stack.

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To confirm their size
and alignment,

An inspector views them against
a pitch test pattern.

Another inspector magnifies
a sample 100 times

And measures the thickness
of the lenses.

Too thin or thick,

And the lens display
won't focus.

With a lens strip clamped
at both ends,

The machine pulls it
from the top.

How far it stretches
until it breaks

Is a measure of its strength.

Meanwhile, a team designs
and edits scenes on a computer.

Designers copy the scene,

Divide it into
very narrow strips,

And then interlace the strips.

Next, the strips are combined
into a 2-dimensional,

Digital file.

Designers now run test copies
known as proofs.

This process tests sheets
of colored plastic film

Which will serve as ink.

The technician layers
the colored film

In a cartridge
with muslin paper.

Next, the cartridge
is placed in the printer

Which creates the proofs.

The designer transfers them
to an illuminated work surface

And confirms that the images
line up with the plastic lenses.

Once the print plates are made,

An operator loads them
into the printer.

A suctioning arm feeds the
lenticular plastic sheets

Into the printer,
reverse-side up.

In this position,
the images will be printed

On the smooth side
of the plastic.

Rotating cylinders transfer ink
from the printing plates

To the sheets,
one color at a time.

This system prints several
different 3-d cup images

On each lenticular
plastic sheet.

The press ejects and stacks
the printed sheets.

The 3-d-printed sheets
now head into a laminator.

It applies a white film
to the artwork.

This film will protect
the 3-d images

During the cup-molding process.

Next, the sheets are cut
into cup-sized labels,

Placed on an illuminated table

And inspected
for any visual flaws.

Once approved, the designer
clears the the labels

To be formed to plastic cups.

Next, an operator loads
the stacks of 3-d labels

Into the cup-forming machine.

This machine will process
four different labels

Onto cups at once.

Each with a different 3-d image.

A robot with suction grippers
picks up the labels

One at a time

And transfers them
to cup-shaped mandrels.

The mandrel inserts the 3-d
label into the mold of a cup.

Molten polypropylene flows
into the mold,

And as it solidifies
and becomes a cup,

The 3-d label
fuses to it together.

Robots retrieve the 3-d cups

And stack them on their sides
to await final inspection.

Then they're packaged
for shipment.


Beverage container.

Rather, they're a fun
visual experience

For any type of consumer.

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Narrator:
commercial breweries not only
bottle and can their beer,

They also ship it in kegs
to distributors, bars,

And restaurants.

Kegs are typically made
of stainless steel --

A durable metal
that doesn't produce oxides

That adversely affect
the taste of the beer.

This beer keg is made
from a food-grade steel

Commonly used for cookware.

It's exceptionally durable
and contains sufficient chromium

And nickel to protect
against corrosion.

First, a technician coats
a circular piece

Of stainless steel
with lubricant.

Then the steel is placed
in a machine

Called a deep draw press.

The press slowly draws
the edges of the metal circle

Upward for 90 seconds,

Forming a cylinder with one
opened and one closed end.

Next, technicians place the
cylinder in a trimming machine,

Which spins the cylinder
against a blade.

The machine cuts off
half an inch of excess metal

From the open end.

Then the cylinder is flipped
and placed in a punch press.

The press knocks out
a 2-inch hole in the closed end.

Next, technicians put
the cylinder on a fixture

And secure a stainless
steel neck to the hole.

The neck is welded into place.

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This cylinder will form
the bottom half of the keg.

Technicians pair it with
another cylinder

Which will form
the top half of the keg.

This cylinder has an open end
and a closed end.

They align the two open ends
in a welding fixture

And manually tack
weld them together in six spots.

They transfer the assembled keg
to an automated machine

Which welds the tacked
perimeter together.

This press punches four holes
into a 2-millimeter-thick strip

Of stainless steel to imprint
the name of the brewery.

Next, a roll machine
curves the strip.

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Then a seam welder joins
the ends to form a circle.

This circle will become
the handle

On top of the keg,
known as the chime.

A technician places the circle
on the chime-forming machine

And brushes on some lubricant.

Automated, hydraulically
driven rollers

Then form the chime
in three stages.

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Next, the chime is placed
on a punch press with lubricant.

The press then knocks out
two handle holes.

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Technicians place another chime
underneath the keg

With one on top of this machine,

Appropriately named
the keg crusher.

The machine presses
both chimes in place.

Next, an automated
lathe welder welds them

To the keg simultaneously.

The keg is put through
a series of baths, then rinses.

The acid removes the scorch
marks left by the welding

And render
the stainless steel food safe

By making it resistant
to oxidation,

Which causes corrosion.

The valve, which connects
to the tapping system

That draws out the beer,

Goes through the hole
in the bottom cylinder.

This clip ring
holds it in place.

Pressed deep into the neck
with this tool.

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Every keg goes through
quality control testing

Before it leaves the factory.

This is a pressure test
to ensure the keg doesn't leak.

Technicians pump in compressed
air to three times

The pressure the keg would
ever have to withstand.

Then they spray the keg
with a water-and-soap solution,

Checking for air bubbles,

Which would indicate
a pinhole leak.

Then the finishing touch.

A silk screen machine prints

The brewery's
identification onto the keg.

The keg goes into an oven
for 45 seconds to cure the ink,

Which renders it wear-resistant.

These beer kegs are designed to
withstand a lifetime of handling

Because they're transported back
and forth between the brewery

And the establishments
filling the beer glasses.

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